Comment faciliter l’apprentissage des collocations aux apprenants non natifs. Une approche didactique et linguistique

The notion of collocation is particularly ambiguous, as it varies according to researchers and theories. There is no question of analyzing the whole collocation theory, which was largely realized by Palmer, Firth, Mel’čuk, Grossmann, Tutin, among others. We will here focus on showing that these unnamed lexicalized expressions during the courses of French as a foreign language are part of the lexical nucleus which each interlocutor has or should have. We shall see that the formation of a collocation is almost stable; it includes a base and a complement: the collocative, which grafts at the base a semantic trait bringing a different meaning each time, thus an enlargement of the lexicon. We shall see that they appear very often and that we use them without knowing it, without knowing how to name them. Our study aims to show the transparency and the ease of learning of these lexicalized expressions, as well as to propose various methods to simplify the recognition and acquisition of collocations.