Język - religia - kultura : obraz islamu w świetle przysłów tureckich zawierających słowa helal i haram

The faith in one God – Allah requires compliance with rules which are binding for all Muslims. Social legitimacy of these principles and their observance cannot, therefore, be disregarded. With time, words and expressions closely related to religion, expressed in a language understood by a given community, become part of everyday language, and then become an important element of various texts. The words helal (i.e. consistent with the principles of faith; right, permitted, correct) and haram (forbidden, prohibited, illegal, condemned, contrary to the principles of faith) originate from Islam and are permanently linked to it. Their occurrence in non-religious texts is a valuation (positive or negative ) of a given phenomenon, object, man and his behavior and demeanor (this valuation is obviously based on the principles contained in the Koran). One of the distinguishing characteristics of proverbs is their didacticism and moralizing, and the role of passing the truths and laws governing the world to the next generations. In case of proverbs containing the word haram and helal we deal not only with a clear stating of the rules of social life which were (and still are) important to the Turks, but also with moral evaluation of these rules.