Energy Policy of the European Union and Poland towards Russia.

This thesis explores the energy policies of the European Union (EU) and Poland concerning Russia, focusing on energy security and policy compatibility. It analyzes their respective policy frameworks, highlighting the EU's diversification and decarbonization goals compared to Poland's historical emphasis on coal and energy independence. A comprehensive energy security analysis is conducted, mainly focusing on Poland. This analysis considers geopolitical, economic, environmental, and technological factors. Geopolitically, Russian energy dependence as well as ongoing war in Ukraine poses vulnerabilities amid strained EU-Russia relations. Economic concerns include the impact of diversification on affordability and competitiveness. Environmental aspects evaluate emissions reduction and sustainability. Technology factors examine infrastructure and innovation. The research also assesses the compatibility of EU and Polish energy policies, revealing tensions between the EU's climate goals and Poland's reliance on fossil fuels. These tensions affect collective EU energy objectives and raise questions about Poland's alignment without compromising its national security. In conclusion, this thesis deepens our understanding of EU-Poland-Russia energy dynamics. It emphasizes the delicate balance between national security and EU alignment and suggests avenues for policy adaptation and collaboration. This analysis informs future energy policy decisions in Poland and the EU.