Türk dilinde korunan ahlaki değerler ve yabancı dil eğitiminde atasözlerinin rölü

In the process of teaching a foreign language, in addition to improving the speaking, writing and reading skills at the same time, the culture and lifestyle of the people speaking this language is taught. The purpose of this study is to show how to use proverbs, which define the ethics and morality, in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Proverbs are the shortest literary texts resulting from centuries-long experience derived from living under different conditions and observation of the world. Therefore, they contain life rules, attitudes, behaviors, and verbal activities that should or should not occur from a certain cultural point of view. Taking into account all the elements creating a culture, in proverbs one can see the vocabulary of a given language, as well as behavior patterns characteristic of a culture in question, from which particular suggestions and advice on how to act are derived. Therefore, proverbs can make an indispensable contribution to teaching Turkish as a foreign language. What can be learnt from proverbs is the system of punishment and rewards, i.e. what is worthy of congratulations or deserves condemnation. The easiest way to compare the value systems in different cultures is to do a comparative study of the proverbs. This study compares the moral values preserved in Turkish and Polish proverbs still used in these languages. First, words referring to the word ethics will be examined (etik; ahlak). The study will also cover the expressions touching upon the concepts of social life that are important in every culture: family, friendship, unity, neighborhood, as well as traditions, common thoughts and opinions; personal feelings/ emotions, superstitions and beliefs, proverbs including philosophical point of view referring to humanity, accuracy, goodness, and perceptions of evil. The proverbs teaching ethics related to religion hold a separate place. It is because the ethics of one community results from: 1. the culture of living, the way people live in a society, the interpersonal relations and behavior consistent with that culture; 2. the religious rules, bans and recommendations obeyed in a given community. The continuation of a culture is enabled by proverbs, which are transmitted from generation to generation. Those proverbs, in turn, contain the language shared by the whole community. Even people living in different civilizations may share some views of the world. Accordingly, the comparison of proverbs which show the ethics and value systems existing in different languages is of great importance. It is due to the fact that in teaching a foreign language, the moral lessons and advice contained in proverbs enable the learners to understand the culture in which they have appeared.