Maastrichtian island in the central European Basin—new data inferred from palynofacies analysis and inoceramid stratigraphy

The palynological study and palynofacies analysis supported by size analysis of opaque phytoclasts and diversity indexes for particulate organic matter in stratigraphically well-constrained (inoceramid biostratigraphy) sections is applied in monotonous Upper Cretaceous carbonate-siliciclastic sediments of southern Poland. Integrated data allow for the estimation of the proximity of an uplifted area from the studied sections. For the first time in palynofacies analysis, both Simpson’s Index of Diversity (1 − D) and Shannon’s index are used for organic matter distribution providing a comprehensive understanding of a proximal– distal trend in a sedimentary basin. Cluster analysis allowed grouping the samples within proximal to distal shelf zones. The size analysis of opaque woody phytoclasts is used to extrapolate the distance from the source area. Palynofacies analysis indicates the existence of an uplifted area (probably connected with “Kukernitz Island”) in the Holy Cross part of the Danish-Polish Trough during the Maastrichtian. The presented results improve contemporary paleogeographical interpretations for this part of the Late Cretaceous central European Basin. The youngest Maastrichtian deposits of the Miechów Synclinorium are described, based on inoceramids which are of early Late Maastrichtian age.