Krytyka polityczna w memach internetowych – od dekonstrukcji po rekonfigurację

The direct reference to the social reality in question lies in the nature of memes. Th is feature of memes seems particularly relevant for political ones, which always contain two components – factual or personal reference to current events andn emotional, biased interpretation. By adopting such an understanding of the ideas of memes and the way they are socially active, the authors propose a scheme of analysis, which simultaneously reflects the mode of reception of meme and the mechanisms that make it communicative and attractive. Th e authors use a scheme of deconst ruction of the semantic syntagm and then reconfiguration of the meanings it contains. Memes have become a popular tool of political communication for several years now. They are created by voters themselves, but also by electoral committees, which are stepping up campaign activities into the Internet. Memes are also useful because they express different types of narratives about politics, symbolized by repetitive, schematic motives. Thanks to this, political memes are reproduced not only formally but also in the structure of the content, and thus can be typologized. Among the memes produced and disseminated during the parliamentary election campaign 2015 in Poland, there are three major types: 1) personal memes used for hagiography and mythologization of politicians, 2) personal memes serving for demitologization of politicians, 3) memes dedicated to the electoral process. Each of the three types is created through sp ecifi c formal procedures, presented in the article. In the last part of the text the authors are also considering the functionality of meme as a tool helping to stimulate the political participation