Три лика Жан-Жака Руссо (Мережковский, Философов, Розанов)

At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, Russian thinkers of the Merezhkovskys ’circle actualize the themes, problems, ideas traditionally associated with the personality and creativity of Rousseau: the truth of culture and the truth of nature; the truth of reason and the truth of feeling; religion in its relationship with culture; nature and civilization, art and morality; intellectuals and revolution; personality as an individual; personality in its relations with the state; social inequalities; social contract theory; the idea of national sovereignty, etc. The author’s focus is on the public speeches by three Russian thinkers: Dmitry Merezhkovsky (Russo, 1889), Dmitry Filosofov (Jean-Jacques Russo. On the Bicentennial of His Birth, 1912) and Vasily Rozanov (J.-J. Rousseau, 1912). Based on the comparative method, the author concentrates not so much on the detection of similarities, but rather on the statement of differences in the characteristics of the French enlightener by Russian thinkers. As a result of the analysis, the author of the article comes to the following conclusions: ) Merezhkovsky, describing Rousseau from the populist-sociological position, points to Rousseau’s ignorance of the laws of social reality and the hypertrophied attention of the French writer to his own personality; 2) The philosopher sees in Rousseau a personality that is close in its spiritual and psychological essence to the Russian heroes of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, the axiological significance of which is due to the concept of "all-human"; 3) Rozanov relates Russo's vagrancy, instability, throwing, suffering, tragedy with the universe of Revolution as such.