Unveiling the shadows: human trafficking in Southeast Asia. Case study of Thailand's fisheries sector

Human trafficking remains a critical issue in Southeast Asia, with Thailand’s fisheries sector representing a focal point of forced labor and exploitation. This thesis examines the persistence of trafficking within Thailand’s fishing industry, analyzing regional and international responses, particularly through ASEAN frameworks such as the ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons (ACTIP) and the ASEAN Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (APA). While these frameworks aim to unify anti-trafficking efforts across ASEAN, significant challenges persist, including regulatory gaps, weak enforcement, and limited regional cooperation. Using a qualitative approach, this study explores ASEAN’s legal and structural responses and Thailand’s active role within them, drawing from policy documents, agreements, and case studies. Findings highlight ASEAN and Thailand’s progress but reveal ongoing barriers, notably a lack of robust monitoring and difficulties in cross-border coordination. The research recommends enhancing monitoring mechanisms, increasing accountability, and promoting bilateral agreements to improve protections for vulnerable populations within Southeast Asia’s labor markets.