Size consistency and counterpoise correction in explicitly correlated calculations of interaction energies and interaction-induced properties

Explicitly correlated calculations of interaction energies with wave functions that include all interparticle distances have suffered so far from the lack of size consistency resulting from the difficulty of definingmonomer energies corresponding to the applied dimer basis. As a consequence, it has not been possible to obtain interaction energies vanishing at infinite intermonomer distance R. This has dramatically reduced the accuracy of calculations at distances where the error in the dimer energy was comparable with the interaction energy itself. The same problem occurs in calculations of interaction-induced properties. In this paper, we show how to circumvent this difficulty and obtain interaction energies or interaction-induced properties that vanish at large R. This is achieved by relaxing the Pauli principle in the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian of noninteracting monomers. The basis functions used for this diagonalization belong to the representation of the permutation group of the dimer induced by the product of representations appropriate for the monomer spin states. Nonlinear parameters of the basis set are optimized only for the dimer in the Pauli-allowed sector of the Hilbert space. In this way, one obtains R-dependent energy of noninteracting monomers and the corresponding interaction energy includes a counterpoise correction for the basis set superposition error. The efficiency of this procedure is demonstrated for the interaction of two hydrogen atoms where accurate reference data are known.