Перасяленне палякау з БССР у Польшчу (1944-1948 гг., 1955-1959 гг.). Прычыны няудачы аперацыи

Przesiedlenia ludności narodowości polskiej z BSRR do Polski doprowadziły do unifikacji zachodnich obwodow BSRR, zintegrowały je z całością państwa radzieckiego oraz sprawiły, iż dla władz BSRR „sprawa polska” przestała istnieć. Masowy wyjazd Polakow był kolejnym (po krwawych represjach lat 1937–1938 i deportacjach lat 1939–1941) „śmiertelnym ciosem” wymierzonym w polskość w BSRR. Następstwa masowych przesiedleń Polakow do Polski w omawianych okresach są dla polskiej mniejszości narodowej na Białorusi odczuwalne do dzisiaj.

Belarusian authorities in the Soviet era made attempts at preventing massemigration of Poles out of the BSSR right from the beginning of the resettlement process. Similar to previous reasons, this time it was due to the willingness to keep the workforce in the western regions of the republic. Afraid of villages being depopulated, kolkhoz leaders were particularly alarmed. They understood perfectly that nobody would provide them with a workforce from other regions of the Soviet Union. It should be underlined that the resettlement of Poles out of the BSSR was conducted in the middle of an undeniable conflict between the leadership in Moscow and the authorities of the republic and local provinces of the BSSR. The core of the conflict was on the one hand Moscow trying to meet the conditions of the resettlement and to be pictured by Poland as a reliable and trusted ally. On the other hand, local authorities were interested in keeping Poles as a workforce in factories and kolkhozes, fearing that western regions of Belarus would be depopulated. Poles, who did not want to be bound to live within the Soviet totalitarian regime, became victims of this conflict of interests. The reason for a common attempt at leaving the BSSR for Poland was the Soviet political system, in which a human being was devoid of every right and cast into a humiliating role of a silent executor of its decisions and orders. Poles could not accept the ongoing post-war processes of Russification or Sovietization. They were used to running individual farms and wanted to be free to practice the Catholic faith, speak Polish and foster Polish culture. The resettlement made the „Polish issue” non-existent among the authorities in the BSSR, whereas western regions of the republic were unified and integrated with the Soviet state. That mass emigration of Poles was yet another „devastating blow” to the Polish community in the BSSR after the bloody repressions of 1937–1938 and the deportation of 1939–1941. The consequences of these mass resettlement waves of Poles to Poland are still visible for the Polish national minority in Belarus.