Changes in Groundwater Vulnerability Due to Land Reclamation in Mining Areas: An Assessment Using the DRASTIC Method

Reclaiming land after mining activities and ensuring environmental protection are mandatory aspects of the decommissioning process for mining sites. Groundwater assessments, particularly those evaluating vulnerability to contamination using the DRASTIC rank method, are critical tools for guiding and controlling reclamation efforts. By analysing changes in hydrogeological and environmental factors, as well as parameter classes through sensitivity analyses, the DRASTIC method can be optimised to predict the effects of reclamation. Results indicate that reclamation typically decreases groundwater vulnerability, as evidenced by a shallower water table, reduced recharge volume, groundwater flow within new waste rock formations, changes in soil types, lower slopes, and reduced conductivity. Vulnerability changes during reclamation vary spatially, including both decreases and localised increases. Reclamation planning should prioritise groundwater vulnerability assessments to ensure effective land use and environmental protection. Modifications to groundwater-monitoring networks, especially in areas prone to flooding and significant surface changes, are also essential for comprehensive reclamation management.