Solid‐Contact Ion‐Selective Electrodes Paving the Way for Improved Non‐Zero Current Sensors: A Minireview

Potentiometric ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are established tools useful for the determination of activity of many ions with high selectivity. These sensors, developed originally for zero-current conditions, are of interest for other sensing protocols, requiring tailored construction optimization with the ultimate goal to offer higher sensitivity, extended response range, offering more robust sensors, or minimizing calibration and pre-treatment procedures. Among the different possibilities, the proposed electrochemical trigger applied for the sensing of “redox inactive ions” offers important advantages and gains significant attention. The non-zero current applications of ISEs are typical for internal-solution free systems; thus, the optimization of all-solid-state transducers receives significant research attention. The aim of this Minireview is to summarize recent research in in the field, focusing on improvements of transducers and electrochemically triggered ion-selective sensors.