Precedensowość jako przykład manipulacji językowej w mediach (na przykładzie "Gazety Wyborczej" i "Rzeczpospolitej")

The article is devoted to the concept of ‘precedence’, which is related to the texts that are relevant to the individual, the social group both in the cognitive and emotional sense, are well known to the representatives of the community and often cited. Because of their cultural significance, they are often used in the media discourse to perform various functions (expressive, evaluative, pragmatic, etc.). As can be seen, one of the most important tasks of the media in the present time is to influence the recipient's consciousness and exactly for that purpose the ‘precedent phenomena’ are placed in the press articles. However, that influence is often hidden so that means manipulative. On the example of newspaper articles taken from Gazeta Wyborcza and Rzeczpospolita, we will show how the 'precedent phenomena' may become one of the elements of manipulation, and more specifically, linguistic manipulation.