Proof of Concept: Chemical Studies of the Biodeterioration of Ancient Structures in Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu National Archaelogical park is located on an environment which promotes the growth of organisms on the surfaces of rock’s structures, being the reason for intensive biodeterioration due to being a natural reservoir of nutrients that can be used by microorganisms. In this work, we proposed the analytical approach enabling to identify the types of biodeteriogens and elemental composition. In order to achieve the goal, fit-for-purpose analytical scenario was proposed to collect complementary information. The microscopy and molecular methods (DNA barcoding) were applied for the morphotypes of lichens identification. The evaluation of elemental composition was performed with the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as well as Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).