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Dostęp zamkniętyIrān va Lahestān. Munāsabāt-e farhangi va tamaddoni / Historical and Cultural Interactions of Poland and Iran
| dc.abstract.en | Historical and cultural relations between Poland and Iran have begun centuries ago. In 1474, Amborgio Contarini, the envoy of Venice, delivered a letter of Uzun Hasan to the Polish king Casimir. The first documented visit of a Polish envoy, namely Sefer Muratowicz, in Persia took place in the years 1601-1602. Among other duties he was tasked to buy carpets for the Polish court. More than 540 years have passed since Poland and Iran established mutual diplomatic and trade relations. From the fifteenth century until the eighteenth century, Poland was active in dispatching different religious, commercial and diplomatic delegations to Iran. These relations were especially strong during the Safavid period. The fall of the Safavid capital of Isfahan (1722) coincides with the period of decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; similarly, the rise of the Qajars (1794) coincides with the final partitions of Poland (1795). Yet, these events did not terminate the ties between the two countries as numerous Poles arrived in Iran in the 19th century. Some of the served in the Persian army, such as Izydor Borowski, who was killed during the siege of Herat in 1838. Others served as physicians, like Wadysaw Ratuld who opened a school of ophthalmology in Tehran in 1894. Iran was also an important market for the Polish industry, most notably silver-plated goods and those made of the nickel silver (known as varsho in Iran). In 1925, shortly after the Polish state had been reborn in 1918, the Polish embassy was opened in Tehran, thus marking the new beginning in the relations between the two countries and nations. These relations culminated during the Second World War, when thousands of Polish refugees found shelter on the Iranian soil (1942). In the after war period, various parallels were drawn between Iran and Poland, most notably by José Casanova, regarding the role of public religion in the keeping and reviving of national self-determination, as demonstrated by the events in the two countries in the years 1977-1980. Following the Islamic Revolution in Iran (1979), Poland was also one of the first countries to recognize the legitimacy of the new Iranian government. Cultural relations between the two nations have been equally long and perhaps even more important. In 1606, Samuel Otwinowski was the first scholar to translate Saadi’s Golestan into a European language. Since then the Persian literature has become popular among the educated classes in Poland and the divan of Hafez, Ferdowsi's Shahname and some of the most notable works of Iranian scientists, philosophers, scholars and poets have been translated and published in Polish language. The diplomatic and trade relations that existed between Poland and Iran – especially in the Safavid period – determined the need for Persian language studies and Iranian studies in general. At the Polish court there were translators of the Persian language. An eighteenth-century Polish Jesuite priest, Tadeusz Juda Krusiski, a missionary in Persia, left an eyewitness report on the events in Iran under the late Safavids and during the Afghan conquest that has been highly valued in Western scholarship until the present day. He also completed a brief history of the Polish-Iranian diplomatic relations. After the partitions of Poland, a number of Polish scholars, such as Ignacy Pietraszewski, Wojciech Kazimirski-Biberstein and Aleksander Chodzko were active both as scholars and as translators (dragomans) of foreign diplomatic missions to Iran. Adam Mickiewicz, one of the most famous Polish national poets was well versed in the Persian literature. Inspired by this divine fountain of art, Mickiewicz created a number of poems, such as the Crimean Sonnets (Sonety Krymskie) or a poem Ahriman and Ahuramazda (Aryman i Oromaz). The latter subject also became the inspiration to another, later polish poet, Jan Kasprowicz. In the more recent times many Polish researchers and students have studied or conducted research in the academic institutions in Iran. Some Polish reporters, such as Wojciech Gierymski and Ryszard Kapuscinski have closely witnessed the chronology of the Islamic Revolution. A number of Polish scholars such as Prof. Bogdan Skadanek have examined various political and social phenomena of the history of Iran. In order to discuss the multi facial aspects of the history of Iranian-Polish relationships, the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw in cooperation with the University of Tehran and several other Iranian research centers and institutions held an International Seminar entitled “Historical & Cultural Interactions of Poland and Iran” at 18th May 2015 in Warsaw. It was our primarly aim to exchange our ideias about Iranian-Polish historical and cultural intreactions among historians. Here I am just writing to express my appreciation of Prof. Dariusz Koodziejczyk and Prof. Mohsen Jafari Mazhab for their helps and contribution to arrange this conference at the University of Warsaw. Additionally, I would like to thank all my colleagues during the conference in Poland speceficlly to Dr. Natalia Krolikowska, Dr. Anahita Shahrokhi, Dr. Stanisaw Jankowski, Dr. Goudarz Rashtiani, Dr. Javad Morshedlou, and Mr. Sajad Mollaee Tafreshi for all their helps and efforts to have a successful conference. This is also a perfect opportunity to express my special thanks to the Embassy of Republic of Poland to Tehran including Polish Ambassador, His Excellency Mr. Juliusz Gojo and Mr. Radoslaw Sadowski. At the end, I should mention and appreciate the Negarestan Andisheh Institute and its director, Dr. Sadeg Heydarinia who had main role to arrange and organize this conference and publish this collection. I hope this conference and collection could have the positive effect on the future cultural cooperation between Iranian and Polish academic center specifically university of Tehran and University of Warsaw. |
| dc.affiliation | Uniwersytet Warszawski |
| dc.contributor.editor | Kāzemzāde, Hāmed |
| dc.contributor.editor | Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-01-26T13:07:55Z |
| dc.date.available | 2024-01-26T13:07:55Z |
| dc.date.issued | 2017 |
| dc.description.finance | Nie dotyczy |
| dc.description.physical | 174 |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 6008273133 |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl//handle/item/129176 |
| dc.identifier.weblink | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341251241_Historical_and_Cultural_Interactions_of_Poland_and_Iran |
| dc.language | eng |
| dc.pbn.affiliation | history |
| dc.publisher.ministerial | Negarestan-e Andisheh |
| dc.rights | ClosedAccess |
| dc.sciencecloud | nosend |
| dc.subject.en | Iran Poland |
| dc.subject.en | Polska -- stosunki -- Iran. |
| dc.title | Irān va Lahestān. Munāsabāt-e farhangi va tamaddoni / Historical and Cultural Interactions of Poland and Iran |
| dc.type | MonographEdition |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication |