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A Terrestrial-mass Rogue Planet Candidate Detected in the Shortest-timescale Microlensing Event

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dc.abstract.enSome low-mass planets are expected to be ejected from their parent planetary systems during early stages of planetary system formation. According to planet formation theories, such as the core accretion theory, typical masses of ejected planets should be between 0.3 and 1.0 M<SUB>⊕</SUB>. Although in practice such objects do not emit any light, they may be detected using gravitational microlensing via their light-bending gravity. Microlensing events due to terrestrial-mass rogue planets are expected to have extremely small angular Einstein radii (≲1 μas) and extremely short timescales (≲0.1 day). Here, we present the discovery of the shortest-timescale microlensing event, OGLE-2016-BLG-1928, identified to date ( ${t}_{{\rm{E}}}\approx 0.0288\,\mathrm{day}=41.5\,\mathrm{minutes}$ ). Thanks to the detection of finite-source effects in the light curve of the event, we were able to measure the angular Einstein radius of the lens ${\theta }_{{\rm{E}}}=0.842\pm 0.064$ μas, making the event the most extreme short-timescale microlens discovered to date. Depending on its unknown distance, the lens may be a Mars- to Earth-mass object, with the former possibility favored by the Gaia proper motion measurement of the source. The planet may be orbiting a star but we rule out the presence of stellar companions up to the projected distance of ˜8.0 au from the planet. Our discovery demonstrates that terrestrial-mass free-floating planets can be detected and characterized using microlensing.
dc.affiliationUniwersytet Warszawski
dc.contributor.authorMróz, Przemysław
dc.contributor.authorPoleski, Radosław
dc.contributor.authorGould, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorUdalski, Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorSumi, Takahiro
dc.contributor.authorSzymański, Michał
dc.contributor.authorSoszyński, Igor
dc.contributor.authorPietrukowicz, Paweł
dc.contributor.authorKozłowski, Szymon
dc.contributor.authorSkowron, Jan
dc.contributor.authorUlaczyk, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorAlbrow, Michael D.
dc.contributor.authorChung, Sun-Ju
dc.contributor.authorHan, Cheongho
dc.contributor.authorHwang, Kyu-Ha
dc.contributor.authorJung, Youn Kil
dc.contributor.authorKim, Hyoun-Woo
dc.contributor.authorRyu, Yoon-Hyun
dc.contributor.authorShin, In-Gu
dc.contributor.authorShvartzvald, Yossi
dc.contributor.authorYee, Jennifer C.
dc.contributor.authorZang, Weicheng
dc.contributor.authorCha, Sang-Mok
dc.contributor.authorKim, Dong-Jin
dc.contributor.authorKim, Seung-Lee
dc.contributor.authorLee, Chung-Uk
dc.contributor.authorLee, Dong-Joo
dc.contributor.authorLee, Yongseok
dc.contributor.authorPark, Byeong-Gon
dc.contributor.authorPogge, Richard W.
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-24T18:13:31Z
dc.date.available2024-01-24T18:13:31Z
dc.date.copyright2020-09-25
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.accesstimeBEFORE_PUBLICATION
dc.description.financeŚrodki finansowe przyznane na realizację projektu w zakresie badań naukowych lub prac rozwojowych
dc.description.number1
dc.description.versionORIGINAL_AUTHOR
dc.description.volume903
dc.identifier.doi10.3847/2041-8213/ABBFAD
dc.identifier.issn2041-8205
dc.identifier.urihttps://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl//handle/item/101895
dc.identifier.weblinkhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...903L..11M
dc.languageeng
dc.pbn.affiliationastronomy
dc.relation.ispartofAstrophysical Journal Letters
dc.relation.pagesL11
dc.rightsOther
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.titleA Terrestrial-mass Rogue Planet Candidate Detected in the Shortest-timescale Microlensing Event
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication