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An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing

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dc.abstract.enWe report the first unambiguous detection and mass measurement of an isolated stellar-mass black hole (BH). We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to carry out precise astrometry of the source star of the long-duration (t <SUB>E</SUB> ≃ 270 days), high-magnification microlensing event MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 (hereafter designated as MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462), in the direction of the Galactic bulge. HST imaging, conducted at eight epochs over an interval of 6 yr, reveals a clear relativistic astrometric deflection of the background star's apparent position. Ground-based photometry of MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462 shows a parallactic signature of the effect of Earth's motion on the microlensing light curve. Combining the HST astrometry with the ground-based light curve and the derived parallax, we obtain a lens mass of 7.1 ± 1.3 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> and a distance of 1.58 ± 0.18 kpc. We show that the lens emits no detectable light, which, along with having a mass higher than is possible for a white dwarf or neutron star, confirms its BH nature. Our analysis also provides an absolute proper motion for the BH. The proper motion is offset from the mean motion of Galactic disk stars at similar distances by an amount corresponding to a transverse space velocity of ~45 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, suggesting that the BH received a natal kick" from its supernova explosion. Previous mass determinations for stellar-mass BHs have come from radial velocity measurements of Galactic X-ray binaries and from gravitational radiation emitted by merging BHs in binary systems in external galaxies. Our mass measurement is the first for an isolated stellar-mass BH using any technique. *This research is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555."
dc.affiliationUniwersytet Warszawski
dc.contributor.authorSkowron, Jan
dc.contributor.authorWyrzykowski, Łukasz
dc.contributor.authorPoleski, Radosław
dc.contributor.authorSzymański, Michał
dc.contributor.authorPietrukowicz, Paweł
dc.contributor.authorUlaczyk, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Jay
dc.contributor.authorSahu, Kailash C.
dc.contributor.authorVandorou, Aikaterini
dc.contributor.authorRicci, Davide
dc.contributor.authorTristram, Paul J.
dc.contributor.authorSajadian, Sedighe
dc.contributor.authorBramich, D. M.
dc.contributor.authorFouqué, Pascal
dc.contributor.authorLee, Chung-Uk
dc.contributor.authorCasertano, Stefano
dc.contributor.authorShvartzvald, Yossi
dc.contributor.authorSnodgrass, Colin
dc.contributor.authorKerins, Eamonn
dc.contributor.authorChristie, Grant
dc.contributor.authorLonga-Peña, Penelope
dc.contributor.authorAlsubai, Khalid A.
dc.contributor.authorMancini, Luigi
dc.contributor.authorMenzies, John
dc.contributor.authorRahvar, Sohrab
dc.contributor.authorTregloan-Reed, Jeremy
dc.contributor.authorAlbrow, Michael
dc.contributor.authorKoshimoto, Naoki
dc.contributor.authorSumi, Takahiro
dc.contributor.authorSuzuki, Daisuke
dc.contributor.authorJørgensen, Uffe G.
dc.contributor.authorGorbikov, Evgeny
dc.contributor.authorYock, Philip
dc.contributor.authorHirao, Yuki
dc.contributor.authorHinse, Tobias C.
dc.contributor.authorBachelet, Etienne
dc.contributor.authorTsapras, Yiannis
dc.contributor.authorHundertmark, Markus
dc.contributor.authorBond, Howard E.
dc.contributor.authorDominik, Martin
dc.contributor.authorCalamida, Annalisa
dc.contributor.authorBellini, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorMcCormick, Jennie
dc.contributor.authorDominis-Prester, Dijana
dc.contributor.authorMaoz, Dan
dc.contributor.authorBond, Ian A.
dc.contributor.authorCoutures, Christian
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Thomas M.
dc.contributor.authorGould, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorBennett, David P.
dc.contributor.authorDieters, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Leonardo A.
dc.contributor.authorBurgdorf, Martin
dc.contributor.authorSkottfelt, Jesper
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Stela Ishitani
dc.contributor.authorFerguson, Henry C.
dc.contributor.authorFryer, Chris L.
dc.contributor.authorHill, Kym
dc.contributor.authorGal-Yam, Avishay
dc.contributor.authorNatusch, Tim
dc.contributor.authorStreet, Rachel A.
dc.contributor.authorRejkuba, Marina
dc.contributor.authorBarry, Richard K.
dc.contributor.authorBennett, Clara
dc.contributor.authorHorne, Keith
dc.contributor.authorKondo, Iona
dc.contributor.authorWertz, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorPogge, Richard W.
dc.contributor.authorPenny, Matthew
dc.contributor.authorNovati, Sebastiano Calchi
dc.contributor.authorYee, Jennifer C.
dc.contributor.authorJablonski, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorAndersen, Michael I.
dc.contributor.authorBozza, Valerio
dc.contributor.authorHusser, Tim-Oliver
dc.contributor.authorWambsganss, Joachim
dc.contributor.authorBajaj, Varun
dc.contributor.authorRanc, Clément
dc.contributor.authorSouthworth, John
dc.contributor.authorAllen, William
dc.contributor.authorSteele, Iain A.
dc.contributor.authorBeaulieu, Jean-Philippe
dc.contributor.authorDrummond, John
dc.contributor.authorManulis, Ilan
dc.contributor.authorMarquette, Jean-Baptiste
dc.contributor.authorKains, Noé
dc.contributor.authorPollard, Karen
dc.contributor.authorRattenbury, Nicholas J.
dc.contributor.authorCole, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorKozłowski, Szymon
dc.contributor.authorMróz, Przemysław
dc.contributor.authorUdalski, Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorSoszyński, Igor
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-24T16:43:34Z
dc.date.available2024-01-24T16:43:34Z
dc.date.copyright2022-07-06
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.accesstimeAT_PUBLICATION
dc.description.financePublikacja bezkosztowa
dc.description.number1
dc.description.versionFINAL_PUBLISHED
dc.description.volume933
dc.identifier.doi10.3847/1538-4357/AC739E
dc.identifier.issn0004-637X
dc.identifier.urihttps://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl//handle/item/100935
dc.identifier.weblinkhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ApJ...933...83S
dc.languageeng
dc.pbn.affiliationastronomy
dc.relation.ispartofAstrophysical Journal
dc.relation.pages83
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.titleAn Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication