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Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing

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dc.abstract.enTriterpenoids are a group of secondary plant metabolites, with a remarkable pharmacological potential, occurring in the cuticular waxes of the aerial parts of plants. The aim of this study was to analyze triterpenoid variability in the fruits and leaves of three apple cultivars during the growing season and gain new insights into their health-promoting properties and fate during juice and purée production. The identification and quantification of the compounds of interest were conducted using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The waxes of both matrices contained similar analytes; however, their quantitative patterns varied: triterpenic acids prevailed in the fruits, while higher contents of steroids and esterified forms were observed in the leaves. The total triterpenoid content per unit area was stable during the growing season; the percentage of esters increased in the later phases of growth. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated with a series of in vitro assays. Triterpenoids were found to be the main anti-inflammatory compounds in the apples, while their impact on antioxidant capacity was minor. The apples were processed on a lab scale to obtain juices and purées. The apple purée and cloudy juice contained only some of the triterpenoids present in the raw fruit, while the clear juices were virtually free of those lipophilic compounds.
dc.affiliationUniwersytet Warszawski
dc.contributor.authorSkąpska, Sylwia
dc.contributor.authorMarszałek, Krystian
dc.contributor.authorSzakiel, Anna
dc.contributor.authorWoźniak, Łukasz
dc.contributor.authorRozpara, Elżbieta
dc.contributor.authorGłowacka, Agnieszka
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-26T11:06:55Z
dc.date.available2024-01-26T11:06:55Z
dc.date.copyright2023-03-13
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.accesstimeAT_PUBLICATION
dc.description.financeNie dotyczy
dc.description.number6
dc.description.versionFINAL_PUBLISHED
dc.description.volume28
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/MOLECULES28062584
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.urihttps://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl//handle/item/123815
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2584/pdf
dc.languageeng
dc.pbn.affiliationbiological sciences
dc.relation.ispartofMolecules
dc.relation.pages2584
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.subject.enantioxidants
dc.subject.encuticular waxes
dc.subject.encyclooxygenases
dc.subject.enGC-MS
dc.subject.enGolden Delicious
dc.subject.enLigol
dc.subject.enMalus domestica
dc.subject.enphytosterols
dc.subject.enRedkroft
dc.subject.entriterpenes
dc.subject.enursolic acid
dc.titleTriterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication