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The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

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dc.abstract.enUnderstanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.
dc.affiliationUniwersytet Warszawski
dc.contributor.authorArevalo, Freddy Ramirez
dc.contributor.authorPretzsch, Hans
dc.contributor.authorPoulsen, John R.
dc.contributor.authorPoulsen, Axel D.
dc.contributor.authorMendoza-Polo, Irina
dc.contributor.authorPitman, Nigel C. A.
dc.contributor.authorPiotto, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorPiedade, Maria Teresa F.
dc.contributor.authorPicard, Nicolas
dc.contributor.authorPhillips, Oliver L.
dc.contributor.authorPfautsch, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorPeri, Pablo L.
dc.contributor.authorParthasarathy, Narayanaswamy
dc.contributor.authorParren, Marc
dc.contributor.authorPark, Minjee
dc.contributor.authorParfenova, Elena I.
dc.contributor.authorParada-Gutierrez, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorPaquette, Alain
dc.contributor.authorPan, Yude
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz-Malavasi, Edgar
dc.contributor.authorOntikov, Petr
dc.contributor.authorOleksyn, Jacek
dc.contributor.authorNiklaus, Pascal A.
dc.contributor.authorNgugi, Michael R.
dc.contributor.authorNevenic, Radovan V.
dc.contributor.authorNeldner, Victor J.
dc.contributor.authorNeill, David
dc.contributor.authorNava-Miranda, María Guadalupe
dc.contributor.authorMundhenk, Philip
dc.contributor.authorMukul, Sharif A.
dc.contributor.authorMoreno, Vanessa S.
dc.contributor.authorMendoza, Abel Monteagudo
dc.contributor.authorMerow, Cory
dc.contributor.authorMendoza, Casimiro
dc.contributor.authorMelo-Cruz, Omar
dc.contributor.authorMeave, Jorge A.
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Emanuel H.
dc.contributor.authorMarshall, Andrew R.
dc.contributor.authorMarimon-Junior, Ben Hur
dc.contributor.authorMarimon, Beatriz Schwantes
dc.contributor.authorMarcon, Eric
dc.contributor.authorMalhi, Yadvinder
dc.contributor.authorMaitner, Brian S.
dc.contributor.authorLukina, Natalia V.
dc.contributor.authorLu, Huicui
dc.contributor.authorLewis, Simon L.
dc.contributor.authorLang, Mait
dc.contributor.authorLaarmann, Diana
dc.contributor.authorKucher, Dmitry
dc.contributor.authorKraxner, Florian
dc.contributor.authorKorjus, Henn
dc.contributor.authorKöhl, Michael
dc.contributor.authorKitayama, Kanehiro
dc.contributor.authorKim, Hyun Seok
dc.contributor.authorKilleen, Timothy J.
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Mohammed Latif
dc.contributor.authorKeppel, Gunnar
dc.contributor.authorKepfer-Rojas, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorKennard, Deborah K.
dc.contributor.authorKenfack, David
dc.contributor.authorKearsley, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorKartawinata, Kuswata
dc.contributor.authorKarminov, Viktor
dc.contributor.authorJung, Ilbin
dc.contributor.authorJucker, Tommaso
dc.contributor.authorJoly, Carlos A.
dc.contributor.authorJohannsen, Vivian Kvist
dc.contributor.authorJaroszewicz, Bogdan
dc.contributor.authorJagodziński, Andrzej M.
dc.contributor.authorImai, Nobuo
dc.contributor.authorAmaral, Iêda
dc.contributor.authorIbanez, Thomas T.
dc.contributor.authorHui, Cang
dc.contributor.authorCoronado, Eurídice N. Honorio
dc.contributor.authorHillers, Annika
dc.contributor.authorHerold, Martin
dc.contributor.authorHerbohn, John L.
dc.contributor.authorHérault, Bruno
dc.contributor.authorHengeveld, Geerten
dc.contributor.authorHemp, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorHector, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorHarris, David J.
dc.contributor.authorGlick, Henry B.
dc.contributor.authorGianelle, Damiano
dc.contributor.authorGamarra, Javier G. P.
dc.contributor.authorFrizzera, Lorenzo
dc.contributor.authorFridman, Jonas
dc.contributor.authorFletcher, Christine
dc.contributor.authorFischer, Markus
dc.contributor.authorFinér, Leena
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Leandro V.
dc.contributor.authorFeldpausch, Ted R.
dc.contributor.authorFayle, Tom M.
dc.contributor.authorFandohan, Adandé Belarmain
dc.contributor.authorEyre, Teresa J.
dc.contributor.authorEnquist, Brian J.
dc.contributor.authorObiang, Nestor Laurier Engone
dc.contributor.authorDourdain, Aurélie
dc.contributor.authorDolezal, Jiri
dc.contributor.authorDjordjevic, Ilija
dc.contributor.authorDeVries, Ben
dc.contributor.authorDerroire, Géraldine
dc.contributor.authorDecuyper, Mathieu
dc.contributor.authorGasper, André L. de
dc.contributor.authorDayanandan, Selvadurai
dc.contributor.authorCumming, Jonathan R.
dc.contributor.authorCrim, Philip M.
dc.contributor.authorCorral-Rivas, José J.
dc.contributor.authorValverde, Fernando Cornejo
dc.contributor.authorCoomes, David A.
dc.contributor.authorStereńczak, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorZohner, Constantin M.
dc.contributor.authorZo-Bi, Irie C.
dc.contributor.authorZhu, Zhi-Xin
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Mo
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Xiuhai
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Chunyu
dc.contributor.authorZawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz
dc.contributor.authorZagt, Roderick
dc.contributor.authorWortel, Verginia
dc.contributor.authorWoell, Hannsjoerg
dc.contributor.authorWittmann, Florian
dc.contributor.authorWiser, Susan K.
dc.contributor.authorWesterlund, Bertil
dc.contributor.authorWerner, Gijsbert D. A.
dc.contributor.authorWatson, James V.
dc.contributor.authorWang, Hua-Feng
dc.contributor.authorGadow, Klaus von
dc.contributor.authorVieira, Simone
dc.contributor.authorVibrans, Alexander C.
dc.contributor.authorViana, Helder
dc.contributor.authorVerbeeck, Hans
dc.contributor.authorVasquez, Rodolfo M.
dc.contributor.authorNuland, Michael E. van
dc.contributor.authorDo, Tran Van
dc.contributor.authorPlas, Fons van der
dc.contributor.authorValladares, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorValencia, Renato
dc.contributor.authorUsoltsev, Vladimir A.
dc.contributor.authorUmunay, Peter M.
dc.contributor.authorTikhonova, Elena
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Raquel
dc.contributor.authorSteege, Hans ter
dc.contributor.authorTchebakova, Nadja
dc.contributor.authorTarghetta, Natalia
dc.contributor.authorSwanepoel, Ben
dc.contributor.authorSvoboda, Miroslav
dc.contributor.authorSvenning, Jens-Christian
dc.contributor.authorMiścicki, Stanislaw
dc.contributor.authorSouza, Alexandre F.
dc.contributor.authorSonké, Bonaventure
dc.contributor.authorSlik, Ferry
dc.contributor.authorSist, Plinio
dc.contributor.authorSingh, James
dc.contributor.authorSilveira, Marcos
dc.contributor.authorSilva-Espejo, Javier E.
dc.contributor.authorShvidenko, Anatoly Z.
dc.contributor.authorSheil, Douglas
dc.contributor.authorSerra-Diaz, Josep M.
dc.contributor.authorSeben, Vladimír
dc.contributor.authorSearle, Eric B.
dc.contributor.authorSchöngart, Jochen
dc.contributor.authorSchmid, Bernhard
dc.contributor.authorScherer-Lorenzen, Michael
dc.contributor.authorSchepaschenko, Dmitry
dc.contributor.authorSchelhaas, Mart-Jan
dc.contributor.authorSchall, Peter
dc.contributor.authorSaner, Philippe
dc.contributor.authorSalas-Eljatib, Christian
dc.contributor.authorSaikia, Purabi
dc.contributor.authorRutishauser, Ervan
dc.contributor.authorRovero, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorRoopsind, Anand
dc.contributor.authorRolim, Samir G.
dc.contributor.authorRodeghiero, Mirco
dc.contributor.authorRestrepo-Correa, Zorayda
dc.contributor.authorColletta, Gabriel D.
dc.contributor.authorClark, David
dc.contributor.authorClark, Connie
dc.contributor.authorCienciala, Emil
dc.contributor.authorCho, Hyunkook
dc.contributor.authorChisholm, Chelsea
dc.contributor.authorChen, Han Y. H.
dc.contributor.authorChazdon, Robin
dc.contributor.authorCesljar, Goran
dc.contributor.authorCésar, Ricardo G.
dc.contributor.authorGatti, Roberto Cazzolla
dc.contributor.authorBussotti, Filippo
dc.contributor.authorBruelheide, Helge
dc.contributor.authorBroadbent, Eben N.
dc.contributor.authorBrienen, Roel
dc.contributor.authorBrearley, Francis Q.
dc.contributor.authorBrandl, Susanne
dc.contributor.authorBrancalion, Pedro H. S.
dc.contributor.authorBouriaud, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorBongers, Frans
dc.contributor.authorBoeckx, Pascal
dc.contributor.authorBitariho, Robert
dc.contributor.authorBirnbaum, Philippe
dc.contributor.authorBirigazzi, Luca
dc.contributor.authorBastin, Jean-Francois
dc.contributor.authorBastian, Meredith L.
dc.contributor.authorBarroso, Jorcely G.
dc.contributor.authorBanki, Olaf
dc.contributor.authorBałazy, Radomir
dc.contributor.authorBaker, Timothy R.
dc.contributor.authorAymard, Gerardo A.
dc.contributor.authorAvitabile, Valerio
dc.contributor.authorArroyo, Luzmila
dc.contributor.authorAraujo-Murakami, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorAntón-Fernández, Clara
dc.contributor.authorAmmer, Christian
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Luciana F.
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez-Loayza, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez-Dávila, Esteban
dc.contributor.authorAlvarado, Braulio Vilchez
dc.contributor.authorZambrano, Angelica M. Almeyda
dc.contributor.authorAlberti, Giorgio
dc.contributor.authorYao, Yves C. Adou
dc.contributor.authorAbegg, Meinrad
dc.contributor.authorNiinemets, Ülo
dc.contributor.authorReich, Peter B.
dc.contributor.authorNabuurs, Gert-Jan
dc.contributor.authorde-Miguel, Sergio
dc.contributor.authorLiang, Jingjing
dc.contributor.authorZou, Yibiao
dc.contributor.authorHoogen, Johan van den
dc.contributor.authorRenner, Susanne S.
dc.contributor.authorMaynard, Daniel S.
dc.contributor.authorMo, Lidong
dc.contributor.authorCrowther, Thomas W.
dc.contributor.authorMa, Haozhi
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-26T10:15:29Z
dc.date.available2024-01-26T10:15:29Z
dc.date.copyright2023-10-23
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.accesstimeAT_PUBLICATION
dc.description.financeNie dotyczy
dc.description.versionFINAL_PUBLISHED
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/S41477-023-01543-5
dc.identifier.issn2055-026X
dc.identifier.urihttps://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl//handle/item/122374
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-023-01543-5.pdf
dc.languageeng
dc.pbn.affiliationbiological sciences
dc.relation.ispartofNature Plants
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.titleThe global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication