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Stellar activity analysis of Barnard's Star: very slow rotation and evidence for long-term activity cycle

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dc.abstract.enThe search for Earth-like planets around late-type stars using ultrastable spectrographs requires a very precise characterization of the stellar activity and the magnetic cycle of the star, since these phenomena induce radial velocity (RV) signals that can be misinterpreted as planetary signals. Among the nearby stars, we have selected Barnard's Star (Gl 699) to carry out a characterization of these phenomena using a set of spectroscopic data that covers about 14.5 yr and comes from seven different spectrographs: HARPS, HARPS-N, CARMENES, HIRES, UVES, APF, and PFS; and a set of photometric data that covers about 15.1 yr and comes from four different photometric sources: ASAS, FCAPT-RCT, AAVSO, and SNO. We have measured different chromospheric activity indicators (H α, Ca II HK, and Na I D), as well as the full width at half-maximum (FWHM), of the cross-correlation function computed for a sub-set of the spectroscopic data. The analysis of generalized Lomb-Scargle periodograms of the time series of different activity indicators reveals that the rotation period of the star is 145 ± 15 d, consistent with the expected rotation period according to the low activity level of the star and previous claims. The upper limit of the predicted activity-induced RV signal corresponding to this rotation period is about 1 m s<SUP>-1</SUP>. We also find evidence of a long-term cycle of 10 ± 2 yr that is consistent with previous estimates of magnetic cycles from photometric time series in other M stars of similar activity levels. The available photometric data of the star also support the detection of both the long-term and the rotation signals.
dc.affiliationUniwersytet Warszawski
dc.contributor.authorKiraga, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorToledo-Padrón, B.
dc.contributor.authorHernández, J. I. González
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez-López, C.
dc.contributor.authorMascareño, A. Suárez
dc.contributor.authorRebolo, R.
dc.contributor.authorButler, R. P.
dc.contributor.authorRibas, I.
dc.contributor.authorAnglada-Escudé, G.
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, E. N.
dc.contributor.authorReiners, A.
dc.contributor.authorCaballero, J. A.
dc.contributor.authorQuirrenbach, A.
dc.contributor.authorAmado, P. J.
dc.contributor.authorBéjar, V. J. S.
dc.contributor.authorMorales, J. C.
dc.contributor.authorPerger, M.
dc.contributor.authorJeffers, S. V.
dc.contributor.authorVogt, S.
dc.contributor.authorTeske, J.
dc.contributor.authorShectman, S.
dc.contributor.authorCrane, J.
dc.contributor.authorDíaz, M.
dc.contributor.authorArriagada, P.
dc.contributor.authorHolden, B.
dc.contributor.authorBurt, J.
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez, E.
dc.contributor.authorHerrero, E.
dc.contributor.authorMurgas, F.
dc.contributor.authorPallé, E.
dc.contributor.authorMorales, N.
dc.contributor.authorLópez-González, M. J.
dc.contributor.authorAlonso, E. Díez
dc.contributor.authorTuomi, M.
dc.contributor.authorEngle, S. G.
dc.contributor.authorGuinan, E. F.
dc.contributor.authorStrachan, J. B. P.
dc.contributor.authorAceituno, F. J.
dc.contributor.authorAceituno, J.
dc.contributor.authorCasanova, V. M.
dc.contributor.authorMartín-Ruiz, S.
dc.contributor.authorMontes, D.
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz, J. L.
dc.contributor.authorSota, A.
dc.contributor.authorBriol, J.
dc.contributor.authorBarbieri, L.
dc.contributor.authorCervini, I.
dc.contributor.authorDeldem, M.
dc.contributor.authorDubois, F.
dc.contributor.authorHambsch, F. -J.
dc.contributor.authorHarris, B.
dc.contributor.authorKotnik, C.
dc.contributor.authorLogie, L.
dc.contributor.authorLopez, J.
dc.contributor.authorMcNeely, M.
dc.contributor.authorOgmen, Y.
dc.contributor.authorPérez, L.
dc.contributor.authorRau, S.
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez, D.
dc.contributor.authorUrquijo, F. S.
dc.contributor.authorVanaverbeke, S.
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-26T08:10:24Z
dc.date.available2024-01-26T08:10:24Z
dc.date.copyright2018-12-17
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.accesstimeBEFORE_PUBLICATION
dc.description.financeNie dotyczy
dc.description.number4
dc.description.versionORIGINAL_AUTHOR
dc.description.volume488
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/MNRAS/STZ1975
dc.identifier.issn0035-8711
dc.identifier.urihttps://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl//handle/item/120717
dc.identifier.weblinkhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019MNRAS.488.5145T
dc.languageeng
dc.pbn.affiliationastronomy
dc.relation.ispartofMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
dc.relation.pages5145-5161
dc.rightsOther
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.titleStellar activity analysis of Barnard's Star: very slow rotation and evidence for long-term activity cycle
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication