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On tuning the cytotoxicity of Ti<inf>3</inf>C<inf>2</inf> (MXene) flakes to cancerous and benign cells by post-delamination surface modifications

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dc.abstract.en<p>Despite intensive research on the application of two-dimensional (2D) materials, including MXenes, in nanomedicine, the knowledge concerning the mechanisms responsible for their observed bio-effects is far from being understood. Here we present insight into the mechanism of toxicity in vitro of the 2D Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene. The most important results of this work are that using simple, inexpensive, post-delamination treatments, such as ultrasonication or mild thermal oxidation it is possible to 'tune' the cytotoxicity of the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>z</sub> flakes. Sonication of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>z</sub> flakes, or sonication followed by mild oxidation in the water at 60 °C, renders them selectively toxic to cancer cells as compared to non-malignant ones. It relates to the appearance of superficial titanium (III) oxide (Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) layer corresponding to the type of post-treatment. The presence of surface-Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> results in a noticeably higher generation of oxidative stress compared to pristine 2D Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>. Our findings give evidence that the sonication and thermal treatments were successful in changing the nature of the surface terminations on the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>z</sub> surfaces. This study makes a significant contribution to the future rationalized surface-management of 2D Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene as well as encourages new rationalized applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine. Bullet points: 1. First study on 2D Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene superficially oxidized to titanium (III) oxide i.e. Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. 2. By sonication Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>Tz MXene flakes followed by mild thermal oxidation in the water at 60 °C for 24 h, it is possible to 'tune' the toxicity of the flakes to cancerous cell lines. 3. Decreases in cell viabilities were dose-dependent. 4. Highest cytotoxic effect was observed for thermally oxidized samples. 5. The thermally oxidized samples were also selectively toxic towards all cancerous cell lines up to 375 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. 6. Reactive oxygen species generation was identified as a mechanism of toxicity.</p>
dc.affiliationUniwersytet Warszawski
dc.contributor.authorScheibe, B
dc.contributor.authorBarsoum, M W
dc.contributor.authorJastrzębska, A M
dc.contributor.authorChudy, M
dc.contributor.authorOlszyna, A
dc.contributor.authorSzuplewska, A
dc.contributor.authorRozmysłowska-Wojciechowska, A
dc.contributor.authorNatu, V
dc.contributor.authorPopielska, Magdalena
dc.contributor.authorPopielski, M
dc.contributor.authorMajewski, Jacek
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-25T15:49:24Z
dc.date.available2024-01-25T15:49:24Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.financePublikacja bezkosztowa
dc.description.volume7
dc.identifier.doi10.1088/2053-1583/AB6A60
dc.identifier.urihttps://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl//handle/item/114888
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1583/ab6a60/pdf
dc.languageeng
dc.pbn.affiliationphysical sciences
dc.relation.ispartof2D Materials
dc.relation.pages1-12
dc.rightsClosedAccess
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.subject.enMXenes
dc.subject.endelaminated Ti3C2
dc.subject.encytotoxicity
dc.subject.enreactive oxygen species
dc.subject.enmammalian cells
dc.subject.enoxidation
dc.titleOn tuning the cytotoxicity of Ti<inf>3</inf>C<inf>2</inf> (MXene) flakes to cancerous and benign cells by post-delamination surface modifications
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication