The role of the European Union in promoting gender equality and women's political empowerment

dc.abstract.en	Gender equality is a fundamental human right that is essential for creating equal societies. Since its establishment, the European Union has been playing an important role in building a more equal region primarily in labour. Over time it has expanded its focus from labour-related issues to include gender equality in various aspects of life, with also better align with international frameworks. This was reflected in the introduction of Gender Mainstreaming in the Amsterdam Treaty in 1997, following the Beijing Conference in 1995. The EU promotes gender equality in many areas of life focusing on combating gender-based violence and stereotypes, promoting economic equality, and addressing the underrepresentation of women in decision-making positions. In the last five years, the EU has adopted four directives related to gender equality, including the 2019 Work-Life Balance Directive, the 2022 Directive on improving gender balance among directors of listed companies, the 2023 Pay Transparency Directive, and the 2024 Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence, all of which confirm the EU's commitment to gender equality. Despite significant progress, inequalities remain, particularly in leadership and decision-making roles in politics and business across the EU. This thesis examines the European Union’s approach to gender equality, focusing on legal instruments such as treaties, and directives. as well as policy frameworks such as the Gender Equality Strategy (2020-2025). It will analyse how these policies are implemented across Member States and the differences in outcomes. To address gender imbalances, the EU has supported and promoted measures such as gender quotas, which aim to increase the representation of women in decision-making roles. This thesis also focuses on gender quotas' implementation across member states, their effectiveness and the controversies surrounding them.
dc.affiliation	Uniwersytet Warszawski
dc.affiliation.department	Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
dc.contributor.author	Vardar, Damla
dc.contributor.promoter	Ciechański, Jerzy
dc.contributor.reviewer	Haliżak, Marian
dc.contributor.reviewer	Ciechański, Jerzy
dc.date.defence	2024-11-27
dc.date.issued	2024
dc.date.submitted	2024-10-17
dc.identifier.apd	212452
dc.language	en
dc.language.other	pl
dc.publisher	Uniwersytet Warszawski
dc.rights	ClosedAccess
dc.subject.en	Gender equality
dc.subject.en	European Union
dc.subject.en	Beijing Conference
dc.subject.en	Gender quotas
dc.subject.en	Women on board
dc.subject.en	Work-life balance
dc.subject.en	Istanbul Convention
dc.subject.en	Gender mainstreaming
dc.subject.en	Pay Transparency
dc.title	The role of the European Union in promoting gender equality and women's political empowerment
dc.title.alternative	Rola Unii Europejskiej w promowaniu równości płci i politycznego wzmocnienia kobiet
dc.type	BachelorThesis