The evolution of the interpretation of the concept of self-defense in cases of attacks by non-state actors in the international law

dc.abstract.en	In this thesis an evolution of the right of self-defence is analysed and interpreted within the framework of international relations and two specific case studies. In these case studies an armed attack that triggers the right of self-defence is carried by non-state actors. Within the traditionally rooted system of state-centric framework of the United Nations Charter, emergence of non-state actors did challenge the concept of security of sovereign states and the way this security is carried out on the international arena. That, in fact, entails the concept of asymmetric wars and acts of aggression, that does challenge the jus ad bellum framework. This thesis demonstrates the shift in the legal system and an approach of international actors to newly raised actors within the international framework. This will be interpreted through the scope of two case studies: terrorist attacks of September 11 in 2001, and Israeli- Palestinian conflict. This thesis covers how unidentified notions of the self-defence and armed-attacks develop and the contrast between interpretation of these terms within the framework of each case, as well as highlighting concerns pertaining to necessity and proportionality aspects of it, and threshold of an armed attack and the self-defence.
dc.affiliation	Uniwersytet Warszawski
dc.affiliation.department	Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
dc.contributor.author	Yakubova, Kamilla
dc.contributor.promoter	Heidrich, Dorota
dc.contributor.reviewer	Heidrich, Dorota
dc.contributor.reviewer	Zajączkowski, Jakub
dc.date.defence	2026-02-23
dc.date.issued	2026
dc.date.submitted	2026-02-12
dc.identifier.apd	238145
dc.language	en
dc.language.other	pl
dc.publisher	Uniwersytet Warszawski
dc.rights	ClosedAccess
dc.subject.en	Right of self-defence
dc.subject.en	non-state actors
dc.subject.en	armed attack
dc.subject.en	terrorist attacks
dc.subject.en	asymmetric warfare
dc.subject.en	international law
dc.subject.en	United Nations Charter
dc.subject.en	Necessity and Proportionality
dc.subject.en	Customary International law
dc.subject.en	September 11 (9/11) attacks
dc.subject.en	Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
dc.title	The evolution of the interpretation of the concept of self-defense in cases of attacks by non-state actors in the international law
dc.title.alternative	Ewolucja interpretacji koncepcji samoobrony w przypadkach ataków zbrojnych ze strony podmiotów niepaństwowych w prawie międzynarodowym.
dc.type	BachelorThesis